吃避孕药会导致不孕不育吗？CanBirthControlPillsCauseInfertility？

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尽管避孕药并不会真的影响你的 " 生育能力 "，但它们的的确确在你的月经周期中起着重要的作用。以下是你在尝试怀孕之前需要知道的事情。

While birth control pills dont affect your fertility, they play an important role in your menstrual cycle. Heres what you need to know before trying to conceive.

如果你还不打算当妈妈，你可能会决定采用一些避孕方式——比如口服避孕药。但一些女性会担心，服用避孕药是否会影响她们未来的正常怀孕？还好，专家说了，不必太过担心。"服用避孕药对女性长期的生育能力并没有负面影响，" 华盛顿大学圣路易斯妇婴中心妇产科医生埃里克 · 斯特兰德博士说。

If youre not actively   trying to conceive, you might decide to take hormonal contraception — often in the form of birth control pills. Some women fear that taking the pills will interfere with future attempts to get pregnant, but thankfully, experts say thats not the case. "Birth control pills do not have a negative impact on fertility," says Eric Strand, M.D., a Washington University OB-GYN at the Women & Infants Center in St. Louis.

这篇文章将会帮助你了解，避孕药是如何对身体带来影响的？以及一旦停止服用避孕药以后身体需要多长时间才能够恢复正常周期让你正常怀孕？

Heres everything you need to know about how birth control can affect your fertility, including how long it takes to get pregnant once you stop taking the pills.

美国疾病控制与预防中心 ( CDC ) 将 " 不孕不育 " 的标准设置为，定期进行无保护措施的性行为一年（或更长时间）后无法怀孕。如果你的年龄超过 35 岁，这个时间会被缩短到 6 个月。实际上，会造成女性不孕的因素有很多，如甲状腺功能减退或者多囊卵巢综合征，而吃避孕药并不在其中。在大多数情况下，停药后你的月经周期几乎会立即恢复正常。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC )   defines infertility   as the inability to get pregnant after one year ( or longer ) of having regular unprotected sex. If youre over the age of 35, the definition changes to six months of unsuccessful attempts at pregnancy. A number of conditions can lead to infertility in women, like hypothyroidism and   polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) . Birth control isnt listed as a cause. In the vast majority of cases, your cycle will return to normal almost immediately after stopping the pill.

哥伦比亚大学生育中心的医学博士艾瑞斯 · 易松娜说："避孕药可以调节月经，因为它们会在一定程度上抑制自然周期（而不是永久地改变周期）。服用避孕药后的前三周雌激素和孕激素释放，随后激素在第四周停止分泌，这就是当你服用避孕药时月经周期依然规律的原因 "。

"Birth control pills regulate periods because they suppress the natural cycle ( rather than permanently alter it ) ," says Iris Insogna, M.D., of Columbia University Fertility Center. "The exposure to estrogen and progesterone in the first three weeks, followed by the withdrawal of the hormones in the fourth week, is what causes regular monthly periods when you are on   birth control pills."

斯特兰德博士对此表示赞同，他说：" 服用（避孕药）后产生的月经周期不规律，很可能是由于患者在服用避孕药期间原本就有的一些疾病因素被掩盖了。"

Dr. Strand agrees, saying, "Any irregularity in menstrual cycles after the use of [ the pill ] is likely from pre-existing conditions that were masked during the patients use of the pill."

更重要的是，以 2013 年一项对 3727 名年龄在 18 岁至 40 岁之间丹麦女性的研究为例，科学调查没有发现口服避孕药和不孕不育之间的联系。《人类生殖》杂志上的研究也显示，虽然口服避孕药的使用与恢复生育能力的短暂延迟有关，但我们没有发现任何证据表明长期服用口服避孕药会有害地影响生育力，或受孕的能力。

Whats more, scientific research has found no link between oral contraceptives and infertility. Take   a 2013 study   of 3,727 Danish women between the ages of 18 and 40. "Although OC ( oral contraceptive ) use was associated with a transient delay in the return of fertility, we found no evidence that long-term OC use deleteriously affects fecundability," or the ability to get pregnant," according the study published in   Human Reproduction.

在你停止口服避孕后，激素水平会有所起伏，让你的身体接管并恢复到自然的月经周期。这一过程发生得相对较快，" 激素（与口服避孕药有关）只会在你体内停留很短的时间，这就是为什么你需要长期服用避孕药以避免避孕失败 "，斯特兰德博士说。

After you stop taking birth control, the hormones will leave your system, causing your body to take over and revert to a natural menstrual cycle. And this happens relatively fast: "The hormones ( associated with oral contraceptives ) only stay in your body for a short time, which is why you need to take the pill regularly to avoid a contraceptive failure," says Dr. Strand.

换句话说，停止口服（长期短效）避孕药后，你应该期待你的周期很快恢复正常。易松娜博士说：" 对一些女性来说，停服避孕药后，月经周期需要一段时间才能恢复正常，通常不超过几周。" 然而，情况并非总是如此。" 重要的是切记，有些女性在停止服用避孕药后几乎会立即恢复正常月经并排卵 "。

In other words, you should expect your cycle to return to normal soon after stopping birth control. "For some women it can take a little time, typically not more than a few weeks, for the ( menstrual cycle ) to start functioning again after   discontinuing the birth control pill," says Dr. Insogna. "This isnt always the case, however. Its important to remember that some women will ovulate and resume regular periods almost instantly after stopping the birth control pill."

一些注射类的避孕药物，比如醋酸甲羟孕酮注射液，会让恢复时间更长。斯特兰德博士说 :" 虽然针剂每三个月注射一次，但用过后的月经周期可能需要 6 到 12 个月（极少数情况下甚至更长）才能恢复。"

Injectable birth control options,   like Depo Provera, can cause things to take a bit longer to get back to normal. "Although the Depo shot is given every three months, it can take six to 12 months ( and in rare cases even longer ) for a patients menstrual cycle to return," says Dr. Strand.

一旦停止口服避孕药，月经周期恢复的第一时间你就有可能怀孕。这也是为什么大多数妇产科医生建议等到你真正准备好了要孩子再停止避孕。通常情况下，顺利怀上可能会需要一点时间，但也都是正常的。

When it comes to getting pregnant after stopping the pill, its possible as soon as your cycle returns. Some women conceive immediately, which is why most OB-GYNs recommend waiting until youre truly ready before stopping contraceptive use. In other cases, things can take a bit longer — and thats often normal.

斯特兰德医生说 :" 记住，在正常情况下，人们在几个月的尝试后顺利怀孕。"" 一对没有生育问题的健康夫妇，大约 40% 到 50% 的人会在无保护性交三个月后怀孕。" 如果你不是，或者向你的妇产科或生殖科医生咨询对自身生育能力的疑问。

"Remember, it can take several months for a patient to achieve a pregnancy under normal circumstances," Dr. Strand says. "In a healthy couple with no known fertility problems, approximately 40 to 50 percent will be pregnant after three months of unprotected intercourse." Always consult your OB-GYN or fertility specialist with any   concerns about your fertility.

作者：Christin Perry

编辑：西西妈